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Mott cells with Russell bodies (red arrows), compared to an almost normal plasma cell (white arrow; it has a prominent nucleolus). Plasmacytoma with abundant Russell bodies. H&E stain. Dutcher and Russell bodies. H&E stain. Russell bodies are inclusion bodies usually found in atypical plasma cells that become known as Mott cells. [1]
[15] [16] But if the p-value of an observed effect is less than (or equal to) the significance level, an investigator may conclude that the effect reflects the characteristics of the whole population, [1] thereby rejecting the null hypothesis. [17] This technique for testing the statistical significance of results was developed in the early ...
Plasma cells with Dutcher and Russell bodies (H&E stain, 100×, oil) Plasma cells are large lymphocytes with abundant cytoplasm and a characteristic appearance on light microscopy . They have basophilic cytoplasm and an eccentric nucleus with heterochromatin in a characteristic cartwheel or clock face arrangement.
The table shown on the right can be used in a two-sample t-test to estimate the sample sizes of an experimental group and a control group that are of equal size, that is, the total number of individuals in the trial is twice that of the number given, and the desired significance level is 0.05. [4]
The studentized range is used to calculate significance levels for results obtained by data mining, where one selectively seeks extreme differences in sample data, rather than only sampling randomly. The Studentized range distribution has applications to hypothesis testing and multiple comparisons procedures.
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In statistics, an effect size is a value measuring the strength of the relationship between two variables in a population, or a sample-based estimate of that quantity. It can refer to the value of a statistic calculated from a sample of data, the value of one parameter for a hypothetical population, or to the equation that operationalizes how statistics or parameters lead to the effect size ...
This q s test statistic can then be compared to a q value for the chosen significance level α from a table of the studentized range distribution. If the q s value is larger than the critical value q α obtained from the distribution, the two means are said to be significantly different at level α : 0 ≤ α ≤ 1 . {\displaystyle \ \alpha ...