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In a blood test or urine test, serum levels of tumor markers such as (alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, β-human chorionic gonadotropin) can help to reveal if testicular cancer is present which can help with the differential diagnosis. [12] When there is no certain cause, a diagnosis of idiopathic scrotal hematocele will be made. [8]
Prostate cancer screening is the screening process used to detect undiagnosed prostate cancer in men without signs or symptoms. [1] [2] When abnormal prostate tissue or cancer is found early, it may be easier to treat and cure, but it is unclear if early detection reduces mortality rates. [2] Screening precedes a diagnosis and subsequent treatment.
Sterility is the inability to produce a biological child, while infertility is the inability to conceive after a certain period. [1] Sterility is rarely discussed in clinical literature and is often used synonymously with infertility. Infertility affects about 12-15% of couples globally. [2] Still, the prevalence of sterility remains unknown.
In men aged 55–69 who have been counseled on the known harms and potential benefits of prostate cancer screening, the U.S. Preventive Service Task Force May 2018 statement states, "The use of digital rectal examination as a screening modality is not recommended because there is a lack of evidence on the benefits."
Prostate cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in men in over half of the world's countries, and the leading cause of cancer death in men in around a quarter of countries. [91] Prostate cancer is rare in those under 40 years old, [92] and most cases occur in those over 60 years, [2] with the average person diagnosed at 67. [93]
Vasectomy is an elective surgical procedure that results in male sterilization, often as a means of permanent contraception.During the procedure, the male vasa deferentia are cut and tied or sealed so as to prevent sperm from entering into the urethra and thereby prevent fertilization of a female through sexual intercourse.
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