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[1] [2] [3] Introduced by Gilbert N. Lewis in his 1916 article The Atom and the Molecule, a Lewis structure can be drawn for any covalently bonded molecule, as well as coordination compounds. [4] Lewis structures extend the concept of the electron dot diagram by adding lines between atoms to represent shared pairs in a chemical bond.
Examples of Lewis dot diagrams used to represent electrons in the chemical bonds between atoms, here showing carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). Lewis diagrams were developed in 1916 by Gilbert N. Lewis to describe chemical bonding and are still widely used today. Each line segment or pair of dots represents a pair of electrons.
Noble gas configuration is the electron configuration of noble gases. The basis of all chemical reactions is the tendency of chemical elements to acquire stability . Main-group atoms generally obey the octet rule , while transition metals generally obey the 18-electron rule .
The noble metals ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, platinum, and gold react least readily, requiring pure fluorine gas at 300–450 °C (575–850 °F). [14] Fluorine reacts explosively with hydrogen in a manner similar to that of alkali metals. [15] The halogens react readily with fluorine gas [16] as does the heavy noble gas radon. [17]
Thionyl fluoride reacting with fluorine gas can produce thionyl tetrafluoride. [1] This was how the gas was first discovered by Moissan and Lebeau in 1902. They identified the formula by the pressure changes resulting from the reaction. Silver fluoride and platinum are capable of catalyzing the reaction.
Because of its polymeric structure, PtCl 4 dissolves only upon breaking the chloride bridging ligands. Thus, addition of HCl give H 2 PtCl 6. Lewis base adducts of Pt(IV) of the type cis-PtCl 4 L 2 are known, but most are prepared by oxidation of the Pt(II) derivatives. [2]
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The hydroxyl radical, Lewis structure shown, contains one unpaired electron. Lewis dot structure of a Hydroxide ion compared to a hydroxyl radical. In chemistry, a radical, also known as a free radical, is an atom, molecule, or ion that has at least one unpaired valence electron.