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During the American Civil War, Missouri was a hotly contested border state populated by both Union and Confederate sympathizers. It sent armies, generals, and supplies to both sides, maintained dual governments, and endured a bloody neighbor-against-neighbor intrastate war within the larger national war.
American Civil War Union-~700, Confederacy-Unknown 2 WIA, Confederate-? United States vs. Confederate States Union victory Lone Jack: August 15–16, 1862 Jackson County: American Civil War Union-800, Confederacy-1,500-3,000 270 United States vs. Confederate States Confederate victory 1st Newtonia: September 30, 1862 Newtonia: American Civil War
As the Civil War began, many leading citizens were hoping the state could remain neutral in the growing conflict. These hopes were encompassed in the so-called Price–Harney Truce of May 21, 1861. Implementation of the truce fell prey, however, to the growing conflict.
General Order No. 11 is the title of a Union Army directive issued during the American Civil War on August 25, 1863, forcing the abandonment of rural areas in four counties in western Missouri. The order, issued by Union General Thomas Ewing, Jr., affected all rural residents regardless of their allegiance.
By the end of the war, Missouri had supplied 110,000 troops for the Union Army and 40,000 troops for the Confederate Army. [162] During the Civil War Charles D. Drake, a former Democrat, became a fierce opponent of slavery, and a leader of the Radical Republicans. In 1861 to 1863 he proposed without success the immediate and uncompensated ...
The 11th Missouri Volunteer Infantry in the Civil War: A History and Roster. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-4882-1. Gerteis, Louis S. (2012). The Civil War in Missouri: A Military History. Columbia: University of Missouri Press. ISBN 978-0-8262-1972-5. McGhee, James E. (April 2009).
The city of St. Louis was a strategic location during the American Civil War, holding significant value for both Union and Confederate forces. As the largest city in the fiercely divided border state of Missouri and the most important economic hub on the upper Mississippi River, St. Louis was a major launching point and supply depot for campaigns in the Western and Trans-Mississippi Theaters.
The Missouri General Assembly passed the "Military Bill" on May 11, 1861, in direct response to the Camp Jackson Affair in St. Louis the previous day. The final version of the act approved on May 14 authorized the Governor of Missouri, Claiborne Fox Jackson, to disband the old Missouri Volunteer Militia and reform it as the Missouri State Guard to resist a feared invasion by the Union Army.