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  2. List coloring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_coloring

    Given a graph G and given a set L(v) of colors for each vertex v (called a list), a list coloring is a choice function that maps every vertex v to a color in the list L(v). As with graph coloring, a list coloring is generally assumed to be proper , meaning no two adjacent vertices receive the same color.

  3. Data engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_engineering

    Data engineering refers to the building of systems to enable the collection and usage of data. This data is usually used to enable subsequent analysis and data science, which often involves machine learning. [1] [2] Making the data usable usually involves substantial compute and storage, as well as data processing.

  4. Color-coding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color-coding

    Due to the huge amount of gene data that can be collected, searching for pathways or motifs can be highly time consuming. However, by exploiting the color-coding method, the motifs or signaling pathways with = (⁡) vertices in a network G with n vertices can be found very efficiently in polynomial time. Thus, this enables us to explore more ...

  5. Graph coloring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_coloring

    A proper vertex coloring of the Petersen graph with 3 colors, the minimum number possible. In graph theory, graph coloring is a methodic assignment of labels traditionally called "colors" to elements of a graph. The assignment is subject to certain constraints, such as that no two adjacent elements have the same color.

  6. Four color theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_color_theorem

    In graph-theoretic terms, the theorem states that for loopless planar graph, its chromatic number is ().. The intuitive statement of the four color theorem – "given any separation of a plane into contiguous regions, the regions can be colored using at most four colors so that no two adjacent regions have the same color" – needs to be interpreted appropriately to be correct.

  7. Greedy coloring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greedy_coloring

    In the study of graph coloring problems in mathematics and computer science, a greedy coloring or sequential coloring [1] is a coloring of the vertices of a graph formed by a greedy algorithm that considers the vertices of the graph in sequence and assigns each vertex its first available color. Greedy colorings can be found in linear time, but ...

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  9. Precoloring extension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precoloring_extension

    Precoloring extension may be seen as a special case of list coloring, the problem of coloring a graph in which no vertices have been colored, but each vertex has an assigned list of available colors. To transform a precoloring extension problem into a list coloring problem, assign each uncolored vertex in the precoloring extension problem a ...