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Leuser Ecosystem, Aceh. The Leuser Ecosystem is an area of forest located in the provinces of Aceh and North Sumatra on the island of Sumatra in Indonesia.Covering more than 2.6 million hectares it is one of the richest expanses of tropical rain forest in Southeast Asia and is the last place on earth where the Sumatran elephant, rhino, tiger and orangutan are found within one area. [1]
The Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra site was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2004. It comprises three Indonesian national parks on the island of Sumatra : Gunung Leuser National Park , Kerinci Seblat National Park and the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park .
The estimated forest cover of 170 million hectares around 1900 decreased to less than 100 million hectares by the end of the 20th century. [2] In 2008, it was estimated that tropical rainforests in Indonesia would be logged out in a decade. [3] Of the total logging in Indonesia, up to 80% is reported to be performed illegally. [4]
Tropical rainforests have been called the "jewels of the Earth" and the "world's largest pharmacy", because over one quarter of natural medicines have been discovered there. [2] Rainforests as well as endemic rainforest species are rapidly disappearing due to deforestation, the resulting habitat loss and pollution of the atmosphere. [3]
The lower montane forest has tree species similar to the lowland rain forests, but they are shorter (up to 35 meters), buttresses are rare, llianas (woody vines) are rare, epiphytes become more common, and the lowland domination of trees of the family Dipterocarpaceae gives way to more trees of the oak family Fagaceae, such as stone oaks ...
The Borneo lowland rain forests cover an area of 428,438 square kilometers, about 57% of Borneo's land area. They cover most of the island below 1000 meters elevation. Borneo is divided between Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei, and the lowland rainforests extend into all three countries. [3]
Gunung Leuser National Park is a national park covering 7,927 km 2 in northern Sumatra, Indonesia, straddling the border of Aceh and North Sumatra provinces, [1] a fourth portion and three-fourths portion, respectively.
Borneo and other Indonesian islands west of Sulawesi are part of Sundaland, and were connected to the Asian continent when sea levels were lower during the ice ages. The mountains of Sulawesi above 1000 meters elevation are part of the separate Sulawesi montane rain forests ecoregion.