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Beijing, [a] previously romanized as Peking, [b] is the capital city of China.With more than 22 million residents, [11] it is the world's most populous national capital city as well as China's second largest city after Shanghai. [12]
The scope of this list is limited to capital cities of first-level administrative divisions such as provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities, and special administrative regions, also including sub-provincial cities which are governed by a province but administered independently in many ways from a province.
It was also the capital city of two major dynasties in Southern and Northern dynasties period: Eastern Wei dynasty (534–550), and the Northern Qi dynasty (550–577). Yinchuan was the capital of the Western Xia from 1038 to 1227, when it was called Xingqing (simplified Chinese: 兴庆; traditional Chinese: 興慶; pinyin: Xīngqìng).
China is a nuclear-weapon state with the world's largest standing army by military personnel and the second-largest defense budget. It is a great power, and has been described as an emerging superpower. China is known for its cuisine and culture, and has 59 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the second-highest number of any country.
Shanghai is China's most populous urban area, [8] [9] while Chongqing is its largest city proper, the only city in China with the largest permanent population of over 30 million. [10] As of 2020, there were 113 Chinese cities with over 1 million people in urban areas. [11]
On October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong stood atop the rostrum of Tiananmen Gate, proclaimed the founding of the People's Republic of China. The city's name was restored to Beijing, which again served as the national capital. [190] At the time, the city limits contained 707 km 2 (273 sq mi) of territory [191] and had just over 2.03 million residents. [192]
Capital city; List of countries whose capital is not their largest city; List of capitals outside the territories they serve; List of national capitals by latitude; List of countries and dependencies by population; List of towns and cities with 100,000 or more inhabitants; List of population concern organizations; List of national capitals
The Chinese characters 北 ("north") and 京 ("capital") together mean the "Northern Capital". The name was first used during the reign of the Ming dynasty's Yongle Emperor, who made his northern fief a second capital, along with Nanjing (南京, the "Southern Capital"), in 1403 after successfully dethroning his nephew during the Jingnan Campaign.