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The null coalescing operator is a binary operator that is part of the syntax for a basic conditional expression in several programming languages, such as (in alphabetical order): C# [1] since version 2.0, [2] Dart [3] since version 1.12.0, [4] PHP since version 7.0.0, [5] Perl since version 5.10 as logical defined-or, [6] PowerShell since 7.0.0, [7] and Swift [8] as nil-coalescing operator.
C# 6.0 and above have ?., the null-conditional member access operator (which is also called the Elvis operator by Microsoft and is not to be confused with the general usage of the term Elvis operator, whose equivalent in C# is ??, the null coalescing operator) and ?[], the null-conditional element access operator, which performs a null-safe call of an indexer get accessor.
C (along with Python) allows juxtaposition for string literals, however, for strings stored as character arrays, the strcat function must be used. COBOL uses the STRING statement to concatenate string variables. MATLAB and Octave use the syntax "[x y]" to concatenate x and y.
Ternary conditional operator; Null coalescing operators; Safe navigation operators; Modulo operators; Evaluation strategy; ... In Python, an ADT may be defined with ...
Once again, as the first sentence of the article makes clear, "null coalescing operator" and "logical defined or operator" are two ways of referring to the same thing. PHP, JavaScript, Python, and Perl versions before 5.10 do not have a null coalescing operator, but most languages can accomplish the same thing with relatively little code. A ...
Keys and values need not be the same type within an alist. Lisp and Scheme provide operators such as assoc to manipulate alists in ways similar to associative arrays. A set of operations specific to the handling of association lists exists for Common Lisp, each of these working non-destructively.
Ternary conditional operator; Null coalescing operators; Safe navigation operators; Modulo operators; Evaluation strategy; ... Python def __opname__(self):
Null coalescing operators; Safe navigation operators; Modulo operators; Evaluation strategy; ... Python: 0 no no checked array of array [23] yes no [46] RPG: 1 no no ? no