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  2. Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_and_vertical...

    Many East Asian scripts can be written horizontally or vertically. Chinese characters, Korean hangul, and Japanese kana may be oriented along either axis, as they consist mainly of disconnected logographic or syllabic units, each occupying a square block of space, thus allowing for flexibility for which direction texts can be written, be it horizontally from left-to-right, horizontally from ...

  3. Recto and verso - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recto_and_verso

    Right-to-left language books: recto is the front page, verso is the back page (vertical Chinese, vertical Japanese, Arabic, or Hebrew). In this picture, the recto page shown is of the following leaf in a book and hence comes next to the verso of the previous leaf.

  4. Japanese writing system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_writing_system

    The modern Japanese writing system uses a combination of logographic kanji, which are adopted Chinese characters, and syllabic kana.Kana itself consists of a pair of syllabaries: hiragana, used primarily for native or naturalized Japanese words and grammatical elements; and katakana, used primarily for foreign words and names, loanwords, onomatopoeia, scientific names, and sometimes for emphasis.

  5. Right-to-left script - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-to-left_script

    A woman writing in Persian in right-to-left direction, with a notebook computer displaying right-to-left text. Right-to-left, top-to-bottom text is supported in common computer software. [1] Often, this support must be explicitly enabled. Right-to-left text can be mixed with left-to-right text in bi-directional text.

  6. Romanization of Japanese - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese

    The earliest Japanese romanization system was based on Portuguese orthography.It was developed c. 1548 by a Japanese Catholic named Anjirō. [2] [citation needed] Jesuit priests used the system in a series of printed Catholic books so that missionaries could preach and teach their converts without learning to read Japanese orthography.

  7. Wasōbon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasōbon

    The modern Japanese book differs little from the western book in construction. However, most books are printed to be read top-to-bottom and right-to-left, which includes manga, a prominent part of Japanese culture today. The notable exception in arrangement is various technical books and textbooks, which tend to be printed according to the ...

  8. Emakimono - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emakimono

    An emakimono is read, according to the traditional method, sitting on a mat with the scroll placed on a low table or on the floor. The reader then unwinds with one hand while rewinding it with the other hand, from right to left (according to the writing direction of Japanese).

  9. Japanese manual syllabary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_manual_syllabary

    A: a fist with a thumb extended to the side: I: an ASL i hand: a fist with an extended little finger: U: an ASL u or v hand: a fist with an extended index and middle finger: E: a clawed hand, with the fingers and thumb curled in; like ASL e but fingers do not need to touch the thumb