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The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a complete list of all possible speech sounds in the world's languages, only those about which stand-alone articles exist in this encyclopedia.
A numeric character reference refers to a character by its Universal Character Set/Unicode code point, and a character entity reference refers to a character by a predefined name. A numeric character reference uses the format &#nnnn; or &#xhhhh; where nnnn is the code point in decimal form, and hhhh is the code point in hexadecimal form.
The International Phonetic Alphabet, or IPA, is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association as a standardized representation of the sounds of spoken language. [1] The following tables present pulmonic and non-pulmonic consonants.
(Normally additional phonemic degrees of length are handled by the extra-short or half-long diacritic, i.e. e eˑ eː or ĕ e eː , but the first two words in each of the Estonian examples are analyzed as typically short and long, /e eː/ and /n nː/, requiring a different remedy for the additional words.)
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 15 January 2025. Letter names for unambiguous communication Not to be confused with International Phonetic Alphabet. Alphabetic code words A lfa N ovember B ravo O scar C harlie P apa D elta Q uebec E cho R omeo F oxtrot S ierra G olf T ango H otel U niform I ndia V ictor J uliett W hiskey K ilo X ray L ...
There were two alternative alphabets used, which were almost completely different from each other, with only the code word "Xray" in common. [22] The US Navy's first radiotelephony phonetic spelling alphabet was published in 1913, in the Naval Radio Service's Handbook of Regulations developed by Captain William H. G. Bullard.
N with ring below and inverted breve and macron: Proto-Indo-European N̯ n̯: N with inverted breve below: IPA and other phonetic alphabets N̩ n̩: N with vertical line below: IPA and other phonetic alphabets Ǹ̩ ǹ̩: N with vertical line below and grave: N̩̓ n̩̓: N with vertical line below and comma above: N̲ n̲: N with underline: Ɲ ...
A syllabic consonant or vocalic consonant is a consonant that forms the nucleus of a syllable on its own, like the m, n and l in some pronunciations of the English words rhythm, button and awful, respectively. To represent it, the understroke diacritic in the International Phonetic Alphabet is used, U+0329 ̩ COMBINING VERTICAL LINE BELOW .