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The socialist parties of France had split and reunited several times since the founding of the republic. At the outbreak of the July Crisis the French Section of the Worker's International was the most prominently anti-war party in France. Its leader, Jean Jaurès, was actively searching for allies against a European war. [18]
The Nine Years' War (1688–1697), often called the War of the Grand Alliance or the War of the League of Augsburg [10] – was a conflict between Louis XIV of France and a European coalition of Austria, the Holy Roman Empire, the Dutch Republic, Spain, England and Savoy. It was fought in Europe and the surrounding seas, North America and in India.
The Algeciras Conference [a] of 1906 took place in Algeciras, Spain, and lasted from 16 January to 7 April.The purpose of the conference was to find a solution to the First Moroccan Crisis of 1905 between France and Germany, which arose as Germany responded to France's effort to establish a protectorate over the independent state of Morocco. [1]
France had desired a revolt against the governor of Salé to force repayment and avoid destruction of the city, but this did not occur. [16] Crimean War (1853–1856) Location: Crimea, Caucasus, Balkans, Black Sea, Baltic Sea, White Sea, Far East. France Ottoman Empire. Egypt; Tunis Britain [e] Sardinia [f] Supported by: Austrian Empire
The Allies or the Entente was an international military coalition of countries led by France, the United Kingdom, Russia, the United States, Italy, and Japan against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria in World War I (1914–1918).
The Zaian Confederation began to fight against France in the Zaian War to prevent French expansion into Morocco. [55] The fighting lasted from 1914 and continued after the First World War ended, to 1921. The Central Powers (mainly the Germans) began to attempt to incite unrest to hopefully divert French resources from Europe. [56]
The division exploded between Spaniards who were born in Spain (called peninsulares) versus those of Spanish descent born in New Spain (called criollos in Spanish or "creoles" in English). The two groups wrestled for power, with the criollos leading the call for independence and eventually winning that independence.
The Fifth Coalition (1809) of Britain and Austria against France formed as Britain engaged in the Peninsular War in Spain and Portugal. The sea became a major theatre of war against Napoleon's allies. Austria, previously an ally of France, took the opportunity to attempt to restore its imperial territories in Germany as held prior to Austerlitz.