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Indian bead is a colloquial American term for a fossilized stem segment of a columnal crinoid, a marine echinoderm of the class Crinoidea. The fossils, generally a centimeter or less in diameter, tend to be cylindrical with a small hole (either open or filled) along the axis and can resemble unstrung beads .
Wampum is a traditional shell bead of the Eastern Woodlands tribes of Native Americans. It includes white shell beads hand-fashioned from the North Atlantic channeled whelk shell and white and purple beads made from the quahog or Western North Atlantic hard-shelled clam. In New York, wampum beads have been discovered dating before 1510. [1]
Trade beads from ca. 1740, found in a Wichita village site in present-day Oklahoma Nineteenth-century European trade beads found in Alaska Chugach woven spruce-root hat. Trade beads are beads that were used as a medium of barter within and amongst communities. They are considered to be one of the earliest forms of trade between members of the ...
The bead was found at a mammoth hunters’ campsite next to La Prele Creek in Wyoming, alongside a collection of other cultural artifacts, giving archaeologists the indication that this wasn’t ...
North American Indian Jewelry and Adornment: From Prehistory to the Present. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1999: 170-171. ISBN 0-8109-3689-5. Haley, James L. Apaches: a history and culture portrait. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997. ISBN 978-0-8061-2978-5. Karasik, Carol. The Turquoise Trail: Native American Jewelry and Culture of the ...
North American Indian Jewelry and Adornment: From Prehistory to the Present. New York: Harry N. Abrams. ISBN 0-8109-3689-5; Dubin, Lois Sherr (2009). The History of Beads: From 100,000 B.C. to the Present. New York: Harry N. Abrams. ISBN 978-0810951747. Beads and beadwork. (1996). In Encyclopedia of north american indians, Houghton Mifflin.