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In sociology and statistics research, snowball sampling [1] (or chain sampling, chain-referral sampling, referral sampling [2] [3]) is a nonprobability sampling technique where existing study subjects recruit future subjects from among their acquaintances. Thus the sample group is said to grow like a rolling snowball.
Consecutive sampling, also known as total enumerative sampling, [7] is a sampling technique in which every subject meeting the criteria of inclusion is selected until the required sample size is achieved. [8] [9] Snowball sampling, involving the first respondent referring an
They visited neighbourhoods and workshops that were known to employ children. A combination of purposeful and snowball sampling methods was used in the research sampling process, and semi-structured, in-depth interviews, as well as direct and scientific observation, were the methods used to collect data. [1] [4] [7]
A visual representation of the sampling process. In statistics, quality assurance, and survey methodology, sampling is the selection of a subset or a statistical sample (termed sample for short) of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population. The subset is meant to reflect the whole ...
While it is usually best to sample randomly, concern with differences between specific subpopulations sometimes calls for stratified sampling. Conversely, the impossibility of random sampling sometimes necessitates nonprobability sampling , such as convenience sampling or snowball sampling .
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In social science research, snowball sampling, or "snowballing": a technique for developing a research sample; In researching a field, snowballing is another name for Pearl growing; In chemical and industrial engineering, snowballing is the second and last phase, after aggregation, of the pelletization process.
Visualization of snowball sampling technique showing two sampling zones. The first-order zone contains 7 individuals (black nodes). The second-order zone contains individuals that have direct contact to individuals in the first-order zone. The circles indicate the boundaries of the zones. First order zone