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PP cells play an important role when it comes to the regulation of plasma glucose as they help to synthesize and release pancreatic polypeptide (PP). As PP cells secrete more pancreatic polypeptide, it has been shown to have a negative effect on insulin secretion giving it anorexic effects on intestinal functionality.
Immunohistochemistry for pancreatic polypeptide in a mouse pancreas, 200×. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is a polypeptide secreted by PP cells in the endocrine pancreas.It is a hormone and it regulates pancreatic secretion activities, and also impacts liver glycogen storage and gastrointestinal secretion.
Illustration of a dog's pancreas. Cell-islet in the illustration refers to a pancreatic cell in the Islets of Langerhans, which contain insulin-producing beta cells and other endocrine related cells. Permanent damage to these beta cells results in Type 1, or insulin-dependent diabetes, for which exogenous insulin replacement therapy is the only ...
They give rise to both the endocrine and exocrine cells. Exocrine cells constitute the acinar cells and the ductal cells. The endocrine cells constitute the beta cells which make insulin, alpha cells which secrete glucagon, delta cells which secrete somatostatin and the PP-cells which secrete pancreatic polypeptide. [3]
Small intestine, pancreas: Inhibits insulin secretion Galanin: Enteric nerves: Ghrelin: Stomach: Stimulates appetite, increases gastric emptying Glucagon-like peptide 1: Pancreas, ileum: Increases insulin secretion Glucagon-like peptide 2: Ileum, colon: Enterocyte-specific growth hormone Growth factors: Throughout the gut: Cell proliferation ...
Enteroendocrine cells are specialized cells of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas with endocrine function. They produce gastrointestinal hormones or peptides in response to various stimuli and release them into the bloodstream for systemic effect, diffuse them as local messengers, or transmit them to the enteric nervous system to activate nervous responses.
Paul Langerhans (25 July 1847 – 20 July 1888) was a German pathologist, physiologist and biologist, credited with the discovery of the cells that secrete insulin, named after him as the islets of Langerhans.
[2] [9] The beta cells can still secrete insulin but the body has developed a resistance and its response to insulin has declined. [4] It is believed to be due to the decline of specific receptors on the surface of the liver , adipose , and muscle cells which lose their ability to respond to insulin that circulates in the blood.