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The term paraphyly, or paraphyletic, derives from the two Ancient Greek words παρά (pará), meaning "beside, near", and φῦλον (phûlon), meaning "genus, species", [2] [3] and refers to the situation in which one or several monophyletic subgroups of organisms (e.g., genera, species) are left apart from all other descendants of a unique common ancestor.
In taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's last common ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor excluding one or more subgroups. See also the categories Polyphyletic groups and Obsolete taxa
Basal eudicot is an informal name for a paraphyletic group. The core eudicots are a monophyletic group. [ 11 ] A 2010 study suggested the core eudicots can be divided into two clades, Gunnerales and a clade called Pentapetalae , comprising all the remaining core eudicots.
Though bryophytes were considered a paraphyletic group in recent years, almost all of the most recent phylogenetic evidence supports the monophyly of this group, as originally classified by Wilhelm Schimper in 1879. [8] The term bryophyte comes from Ancient Greek βρύον (brúon) 'tree moss, liverwort' and φυτόν (phutón) 'plant'.
This is an example of a paraphyletic group, a clade minus one or more subordinate clades. Names of polyphyletic groups, characterized by a trait that evolved convergently in two or more subgroups, can be defined similarly as the sum of multiple clades. [5]
Psocoptera (/ s oʊ ˈ k ɒ p t ər ə /) are a paraphyletic group of insects that are commonly known as booklice, barklice or barkflies. [1] The name Psocoptera has been replaced with Psocodea in recent literature, with the inclusion of the former order Phthiraptera into Psocodea (as part of the suborder Troctomorpha).
The opposed clade is Streptophyta, which contains the land plants and a paraphyletic group of green algae collectively known as phylum Charophyta, composed of several classes: Zygnematophyceae (>4,300 species), [47] containing unicellular, colonial and filamentous flagella-lacking organisms found almost exclusively in freshwater habitats; [96 ...
The name refers to one of the typical characteristics of the group: namely, that the seed has two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. There are around 200,000 species within this group. [3] The other group of flowering plants were called monocotyledons (or monocots), typically each having one cotyledon. Historically, these two groups formed the two ...