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The maximum energy product is defined based on the magnetic hysteresis saturation loop (B-H curve), in the demagnetizing portion where the B and H fields are in opposition. It is defined as the maximal value of the product of B and H along this curve (actually, the maximum of the negative of the product, −BH, since they have opposing signs):
Therefore, as the maximum energy density is proportional to J s 2, this magnetic phase has the potential for storing large amounts of magnetic energy (BH max ≈ 512 kJ/m 3 or 64 MG·Oe). This magnetic energy value is about 18 times greater than "ordinary" ferrite magnets by volume and 12 times by mass.
Maximum energy product, (BH) max Largest possible field of a rectangle on the hysteresis loop plot, which has two edges on the B and H axes, and a vertex on the hysteresis loop in the second quadrant (B positive, H negative); range from below 1 J/m 3 for some soft materials (permalloy, 3E4 ferrite), to above 400 kJ/m 3 for hard ones ( neodymium ...
is the maximum energy product in units of J/m 3 (Joules per cubic meter) is the normal distance between the two parallel faces of the magnets; is the distance between the magnetic dipole axes of the two magnets.
The exchange spring magnet offers a geometry able to improve upon the previously reported maximum energy products of materials such as Rare Earth/Transition Metal complexes; while both materials have sufficiently large H C values and operate at relatively high Curie Temperatures, the exchange spring magnet can achieve much higher M sat values ...
The saturation remanence and coercivity are figures of merit for hard magnets, although maximum energy product is also commonly quoted. The 1980s saw the development of rare-earth magnets with high energy products but undesirably low Curie temperatures. Since the 1990s new exchange spring hard magnets with high coercivities have been developed ...
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Alnico's remanence (B r) may exceed 12,000 G (1.2 T), its coercivity (H c) can be up to 1000 oersteds (80 kA/m), its maximum energy product ((BH) max) can be up to 5.5 MG·Oe (44 T·A/m). Therefore, alnico can produce a strong magnetic flux in closed magnetic circuits, but has relatively small resistance against demagnetization.