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It is a rare blood condition in which the β-pyrrole ring of the hemoglobin molecule has the ability to bind irreversibly to any substance containing a sulfur atom. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] When hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) (or sulfide ions ) and ferrous ions combine in the heme of hemoglobin, the blood is thus incapable of transporting oxygen to the tissues.
For superficial injuries, washing (therapeutic irrigation) is important.Emergency treatments include protecting the airway, which might involve a tracheostomy.Further treatment will vary depending on the severity, but might include investigations to determine the extent of damage (bronchoscopy for the airways and endoscopy for the gastrointestinal tract), followed by treatments including ...
[1] [2] Smoke, chlorine, phosgene, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and ammonia are common irritants. Depending on the type and amount of irritant gas inhaled, victims can experience symptoms ranging from minor respiratory discomfort to acute airway and lung injury and even death.
In the process, metabolites, or byproducts, of the drug are produced, which can linger in our blood, urine (and even in our hair) for long after the initial effects of the drug are felt.
Drug fever; Periarteritis nodosa; Hepatic necrosis; Pancreatitis; Myelosuppression; Haemolysis [a] Stevens–Johnson syndrome [b] Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms; Toxic epidermal necrolysis [c] Ataxia [d] Clostridioides difficile colitis; Aseptic meningitis [e] Pseudomembranous colitis; Interstitial nephritis; Fulminant ...
Toxic metals can bioaccumulate in the body and in the food chain. [5] Therefore, a common characteristic of toxic metals is the chronic nature of their toxicity. This is particularly notable with radioactive heavy metals such as radium , which imitates calcium to the point of being incorporated into human bone, although similar health ...
The overall incidence of adverse drug reactions to sulfa antibiotics is approximately 3%, close to penicillin; [3] hence medications containing sulfonamides are prescribed carefully. Sulfonamide drugs were the first broadly effective antibacterials to be used systemically, and paved the way for the antibiotic revolution in medicine.
Acute toxicity describes the adverse effects of a substance that result either from a single exposure [1] or from multiple exposures in a short period of time (usually less than 24 hours). [ 2 ] To be described as acute toxicity, the adverse effects should occur within 14 days of the administration of the substance.