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Toxicodynamics, termed pharmacodynamics in pharmacology, describes the dynamic interactions of a toxicant with a biological target and its biological effects. [1] A biological target , also known as the site of action, can be binding proteins, ion channels , DNA , or a variety of other receptors.
It is an application of pharmacokinetics to determine the relationship between the systemic exposure of a compound and its toxicity.It is used primarily for establishing relationships between exposures in toxicology experiments in animals and the corresponding exposures in humans.
Toxicodynamics (TD) and pharmacodynamics (PD) link a therapeutic agent or toxicant, or toxin (xenobiotic)'s dosage to the features, amount, and time course of its biological action. [11] The mechanism of action is a crucial factor in determining effect and toxicity of the drug, taking in consideration the pharmacokinetic (PK) factors. [12]
A search engine maintains the following processes in near real time: [34] Web crawling; Indexing; Searching [35] Web search engines get their information by web crawling from site to site. The "spider" checks for the standard filename robots.txt, addressed to it. The robots.txt file contains directives for search spiders, telling it which pages ...
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Cross-platform open-source desktop search engine. Unmaintained since 2011-06-02 [9]. LGPL v2 [10] Terrier Search Engine: Linux, Mac OS X, Unix: Desktop search for Windows, Mac OS X (Tiger), Unix/Linux. MPL v1.1 [11] Tracker: Linux, Unix: Open-source desktop search tool for Unix/Linux GPL v2 [12] Tropes Zoom: Windows: Semantic Search Engine (no ...
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A toxicologist working in a lab (United States, 2008)Toxicology is a scientific discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine, that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms [1] and the practice of diagnosing and treating exposures to toxins and toxicants.