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When terms and formulas are represented as strings of symbols, these rules can be used to write a formal grammar for terms and formulas. These rules are generally context-free (each production has a single symbol on the left side), except that the set of symbols may be allowed to be infinite and there may be many start symbols, for example the ...
The three-point estimation technique is used in management and information systems applications for the construction of an approximate probability distribution ...
Sahlqvist formulas are built up from implications, where the consequent is positive and the antecedent is of a restricted form. A boxed atom is a propositional atom preceded by a number (possibly 0) of boxes, i.e. a formula of the form ⋯ p {\displaystyle \Box \cdots \Box p} (often abbreviated as i p {\displaystyle \Box ^{i}p} for 0 ≤ i < ω ...
Decision tables are a concise visual representation for specifying which actions to perform depending on given conditions. Decision table is the term used for a Control table or State-transition table in the field of Business process modeling; they are usually formatted as the transpose of the way they are formatted in Software engineering.
The predicate calculus goes a step further than the propositional calculus to an "analysis of the inner structure of propositions" [4] It breaks a simple sentence down into two parts (i) its subject (the object (singular or plural) of discourse) and (ii) a predicate (a verb or possibly verb-clause that asserts a quality or attribute of the object(s)).
Three other sufficient conditions are that the center of the card be marked with a single diamond (♦), heart (♥), or club (♣). None of these conditions is necessary to the card's being an ace, but their disjunction is, since no card can be an ace without fulfilling at least (in fact, exactly) one of these conditions.
The conditions that distinguish maxima, or minima, from other stationary points are called 'second-order conditions' (see 'Second derivative test'). If a candidate solution satisfies the first-order conditions, then the satisfaction of the second-order conditions as well is sufficient to establish at least local optimality.
Similarly, formulas expressed in terms of cell addresses are hard to keep straight and hard to audit. Research shows that spreadsheet auditors who check numerical results and cell formulas find no more errors than auditors who only check numerical results. [63] That is another reason to use named variables and formulas employing named variables.