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The gross national income (GNI), previously known as gross national product (GNP), is the total amount of factor incomes earned by the residents of a country. It is equal to gross domestic product (GDP), plus factor incomes received from non-resident by residents, minus factor income paid by residents to non-resident.
A variety of measures of national income and output are used in economics to estimate total economic activity in a country or region, including gross domestic product (GDP), Gross national income (GNI), net national income (NNI), and adjusted national income (NNI adjusted for natural resource depletion – also called as NNI at factor cost).
The table summarizes national income on the left (debit, revenue) side and national product on the right (credit, expense) side of a two-column accounting report. Thus the left side gives GDP by the income method, and the right side gives GDP by the expenditure method. The GDP is given on the bottom line of both sides of the report.
Countries by GNI (PPP) per capita in 2016. This article includes a list of countries of the world and their gross national income (GNI) (formerly GNP) per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP) in 2023, as reported by the World Bank. [1]
The rate of GNI per capita growth in annual percentage according to the World Bank for last available year is shown in below table. [1] These values of GNI per capita growth are corrected for inflation, but not adjusted for purchasing power parity.
Countries by nominal GNI per capita according to the Atlas method (2018) This is a list of countries by gross national income per capita in 2023 at nominal values, according to the Atlas method, an indicator of income developed by the World Bank. [1] The GNI per capita is the dollar value of a country's final income in a year, divided by its ...
NNI* does not take critical natural capital into account. Examples are air, water, land, etc. For reference, capital (K) is divided into four categories: : manufactured capital (machines, factories, etc.) : human capital (workers' skills)
For example, the GNI of the US is the value of output produced by American-owned firms, regardless of where the firms are located. Similarly, if a country becomes increasingly in debt, and spends large amounts of income servicing this debt this will be reflected in a decreased GNI but not a decreased GDP.