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A standard silicon APD typically can sustain 100–200 V of reverse bias before breakdown, leading to a gain factor of around 100. However, by employing alternative doping and bevelling (structural) techniques compared to traditional APDs, a it is possible to create designs where greater voltage can be applied (> 1500 V) before breakdown is ...
While an APD is able to act as a linear amplifier, the level of impact ionisation and avalanche within the SPAD has prompted researchers to liken the device to a Geiger-counter in which output pulses indicate a trigger or "click" event. The diode bias region that gives rise to this "click" type behaviour is therefore called the "Geiger-mode ...
A positive voltage at the cathode of the photodiode applies a reverse bias. This reverse bias increases the width of the depletion region and lowers the junction capacitance, improving the high-frequency performance. The photoconductive configuration of a transimpedance photodiode amplifier is used where higher bandwidth is required.
List of free analog and digital electronic circuit simulators, available for Windows, macOS, Linux, and comparing against UC Berkeley SPICE. The following table is split into two groups based on whether it has a graphical visual interface or not.
It offers the ability to set up a circuit with a graphical user interface and simulate the large-signal, small-signal and noise behaviour of the circuit. Originally, Qucs was composed of a circuit simulator "qucs-core", now Qucsator, and a GUI for schematic entry and plotting. The usage patterns, as well as the emphasis on RF design, were ...
Using the Shockley equation, the small-signal diode resistance of the diode can be derived about some operating point where the DC bias current is and the Q-point applied voltage is . [6] To begin, the diode small-signal conductance g D {\displaystyle g_{D}} is found, that is, the change in current in the diode caused by a small change in ...
Thus, the simplest bias condition for design of the mirror sets the applied voltage V A to equal the base voltage V B. This minimum useful value of V A is called the compliance voltage of the current source. With that bias condition, the Early effect plays no role in the design. [9] These considerations suggest the following design procedure:
Figure 1: Basic N-channel JFET common-source circuit (neglecting biasing details). Figure 2: Basic N-channel JFET common-source circuit with source degeneration. In electronics, a common-source amplifier is one of three basic single-stage field-effect transistor (FET) amplifier topologies, typically used as a voltage or transconductance amplifier.