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Male privilege is the system of advantages or rights that are available to men on the basis of their sex. A man's access to these benefits may vary depending on how closely they match their society's ideal masculine norm. Academic studies of male privilege were a focus of feminist scholarship during the 1970s.
Male naturalists worried that their job would be seen as effeminate, instead of, as one put it, “the embodiment of Kit Carson, Daniel Boone, the Texas Rangers, and General Pershing.” In the 1930s and ‘40s the ranks were mostly filled by returning veterans attracted by the ranger corps’ quasi-military culture.
Sociologists Arthur Brittan and Satoshi Ikeda describe masculinism as an ideology justifying male domination in society. [ c ] [ 20 ] Masculinism, according to Brittan, maintains that there is "a fundamental difference" between men and women and rejects feminist arguments that male–female relationships are political constructs.
Social privilege is an advantage or entitlement that benefits individuals belonging to certain groups, often to the detriment of others. Privileged groups can be advantaged based on social class, wealth, education, caste, age, height, skin color, physical fitness, nationality, geographic location, cultural differences, ethnic or racial category, gender, gender identity, neurodiversity ...
Female-on-male is considered by society as less serious than male-on-female violence, [51] and domestic violence studies and measures often exclusively take account for women. [ 51 ] [ 53 ] [ 54 ] In a study of psychologists in 2004, they found that psychologists rated that the actions of husbands were more likely to be psychologically abusive ...
Studies of male sexual coercion and female resistance in nonhuman primates (for example, chimpanzees [88] [89]) suggest that sexual conflicts of interest underlying the patriarchy precede the emergence of the human species. [90] However, the extent of male power over females varies greatly across different primate species. [90]
This has influenced the field of masculinity, as seen in Pierre Bourdieu's definition of masculinity: produced by society and culture, and reproduced in daily life. [117] A flurry of work in women's history led to a call for study of the male role (initially influenced by psychoanalysis) in society and emotional and interpersonal life.
For example, Timothy Laurie argues that the hegemonic masculinity framework lends itself to a modified essentialism, wherein the "achievement of masculine goals is frequently attributed to a way of thinking understood as inherent to the male psyche, and in relation to an innate disposition for homosocial bonding".