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The total electric charge of the neutron is 0 e. This zero value has been tested experimentally, and the present experimental limit for the charge of the neutron is −2(8) × 10 −22 e, [6] or −3(13) × 10 −41 C. This value is consistent with zero, given the experimental uncertainties (indicated in parentheses).
When charged particles move in electric and magnetic fields the following two laws apply: Lorentz force law: = (+),; Newton's second law of motion: = =; where F is the force applied to the ion, m is the mass of the particle, a is the acceleration, Q is the electric charge, E is the electric field, and v × B is the cross product of the ion's velocity and the magnetic flux density.
Charge quantization is the principle that the charge of any object is an integer multiple of the elementary charge. Thus, an object's charge can be exactly 0 e, or exactly 1 e, −1 e, 2 e, etc., but not 1 / 2 e, or −3.8 e, etc. (There may be exceptions to this statement, depending on how "object" is defined; see below.)
If a neutron turns into a proton and the energy of the decay is less than 0.782343 MeV, the difference between the masses of the neutron and proton multiplied by the speed of light squared, (such as rubidium-87 decaying to strontium-87), the average binding energy per nucleon will actually decrease.
An up quark has electric charge + + 2 / 3 e, and a down quark has charge − + 1 / 3 e, so the summed electric charges of proton and neutron are +e and 0, respectively. [a] Thus, the neutron has a charge of 0 (zero), and therefore is electrically neutral; indeed, the term "neutron" comes from the fact that a neutron is ...
The proton and neutron have nearly the same mass (938 MeV), [16] and may be regarded as one particle, the nucleon N(938),with two different charge states (proton +1, and neutron 0). [17] The proton's N (938) ground state and ∆ + (1232) excited state have different shapes. [ 18 ]
The atomic number or nuclear charge number (symbol Z) of a chemical element is the charge number of its atomic nucleus. For ordinary nuclei composed of protons and neutrons , this is equal to the proton number ( n p ) or the number of protons found in the nucleus of every atom of that element.
[8]: 25 Nevertheless, Rutherford had conjectured the existence of the deuteron, a +1 charge particle of mass 2, and the neutron, a neutral particle of mass 1. [32]: 396 The former is the nucleus of deuterium, discovered in 1931 by Harold Urey. [34] The mass of the hypothetical neutral particle would be little different from that of the proton.