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In botany, the ranks of subclass and suborder are secondary ranks pre-defined as respectively above and below the rank of order. [7] Any number of further ranks can be used as long as they are clearly defined. [7] The superorder rank is commonly used, with the ending -anae that was initiated by Armen Takhtajan's publications from 1966 onwards. [8]
"Subfamily" is substituted for "suborder" (subordo) under certain conditions where the modern meaning of "suborder" was not intended. (Article 19.2) In a publication prior to 1 January 1890, if only one infraspecific rank is used, it is considered to be that of variety.
Lemuriformes is the sole extant infraorder of primate that falls under the suborder Strepsirrhini.It includes the lemurs of Madagascar, as well as the galagos and lorisids of Africa and Asia, although a popular alternative taxonomy places the lorisoids in their own infraorder, Lorisiformes.
Like the "primitive" suborder of spiders Mesothelae, they have two pairs of book lungs, and downward-pointing chelicerae. Because of this, the two groups were once believed to be closely related. Later it was realised that the common ancestors of all spiders had these features (a state known as symplesiomorphy).
In one revised classification proposed in 1995, [3] the name of the suborder is Prosorrhyncha, and Heteroptera is a rankless subgroup within it. The only difference between Heteroptera and Prosorrhyncha is that the latter includes the family Peloridiidae , which is a tiny relictual group that is in its own monotypic superfamily and infraorder.
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Gebiidea and Axiidea are divergent infraoders of the former infraorder Thalassinidea. These infraorders have converged ecologically and morphologically as burrowing forms. [ 1 ] Based on molecular evidence as of 2009, it is now widely believed that these two infraorders represent two distinct lineages separate from one another.
Superclass 2. Gnathostomata. Class Elasmobranchii (= Chondrichthyes) [p. 175] . Subclass 1. Selachii. Order 1. †Cladoselachii (e.g., †Cladoselache, †Goodrichia ...