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Negative-bias temperature instability (NBTI) is a key reliability issue in MOSFETs, a type of transistor aging.NBTI manifests as an increase in the threshold voltage and consequent decrease in drain current and transconductance of a MOSFET.
Negative-bias temperature instability, a reliability issue in integrated circuits design Niobium-titanium ( Nb Ti ), an industrially used superconducting alloy Topics referred to by the same term
A load line diagram, illustrating an operating point in the transistor's active region.. Biasing is the setting of the DC operating point of an electronic component. For bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), the operating point is defined as the steady-state DC collector-emitter voltage and the collector current with no input signal applied.
Random telegraph noise (RTN) can also result, where the drain current fluctuates between several discrete levels, and is worsened with increasing temperature. Bias temperature instability (BTI) is where charge leaks into the oxide when voltage is applied to the gate, even with no current flowing through the transistor. When the voltage is ...
This is known as negative electrothermal feedback, as the change in Joule heating opposes the change in temperature. If the device is instead biased with a constant current I, the Joule power P = I 2 R will increase if the temperature increases. Thus the Joule heating amplifies a change in temperature, an effect known as positive electrothermal ...
The term "hot electron" comes from the effective temperature term used when modelling carrier density (i.e., with a Fermi-Dirac function) and does not refer to the bulk temperature of the semiconductor (which can be physically cold, although the warmer it is, the higher the population of hot electrons it will contain all else being equal).
The absolute temperature (Kelvin) scale can be loosely interpreted as the average kinetic energy of the system's particles. The existence of negative temperature, let alone negative temperature representing "hotter" systems than positive temperature, would seem paradoxical in this interpretation.
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