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Champa was known to the Chinese as 林邑 Linyi [34] in Mandarin, Lam Yap in Cantonese and to the Vietnamese, Lâm Ấp (which is the Sino-Vietnamese pronunciation of 林邑). The state of Champa was founded in 192 CE by Khu Liên (Ou Lian), an official of the Eastern Han dynasty of China in Xianglin who rebelled against Chinese rule in 192 ...
Since 629, the Chams had used the name "Champa" (Vietnamese: Chăm Pa) to refer their state. [12] [1] Sambhuvarman's son Kandarpadharma (r. 629–640) was the first Cham king officially to offer the title śrī campeśvara (Lord of Campa) of Campādeśa (the country of Champa).
Principality of Thuận Thành, commonly known to the Cham as Pänduranga or Prangdarang, [2] neologism Panduranga Champa, was the last Cham state that centered around the modern day city of Phan Rang in south-central Vietnam. Both Thuận Thành of Vietnamese perspectives and Panduranga were mutually used to refer to the last Cham polity.
Cham advocacy groups have also criticized the Vietnamese government of usurping history and denying the existence of Champa as a state and its systematic atrocities against Chams. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Many Chams believed that the Vietnamese government would never allow any official researches over the Cham history in fear of possible uprising ...
The Vo Canh Stele is the oldest Sanskrit inscription ever found in Southeast Asia, 2nd or 3rd century CE. One theory holds that the people of Champa were descended from settlers who reached the Southeast Asian mainland from Borneo about the time of the Sa Huỳnh culture, though genetic evidence points to exchanges with India. [1]
Since then, Chams have used Champa to refer to their state. [17] 631: Kandarpadharma sent missions to the Tang. 640: Prabhasadharma became king of Champa and sent mission to the Tang. [18] 645: Prabhasadharma was assassinated by his minister. [18] 646: Prince Bhadreśvaravarman fled to Cambodia while the throne was occupied by a minister. [18] 650
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Vidyanandana, assisted by Jayavarman VII, retook Vijaya, killing both Jaya Indravarman IV and Jaya Indravarman V, then "reigned without opposition over the Kingdom of Champa," [20] [21] declaring his independence from the Khmer Empire. Jayavarman VII responded by launching several invasions of Champa in 1192, 1195, 1198–1199, 1201-1203.