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[17] iPS cells derived from DKC patients with a heterozygous mutation on the TERT gene display a 50% reduction in telomerase activity compared to wild type iPS cells. [38] Conversely, mutations on the TERC gene (RNA portion of telomerase complex) can be overcome by up-regulation due to reprogramming as long as the hTERT gene is intact and ...
The genes of telomerase subunits, which include TERT, [16] TERC, [17] DKC1 [18] and TEP1, [19] are located on different chromosomes. The human TERT gene (hTERT) is translated into a protein of 1132 amino acids. [20] TERT polypeptide folds with (and carries) TERC, a non-coding RNA (451 nucleotides long). TERT has a 'mitten' structure that allows ...
The core domain of TERC contains the RNA template from which TERT synthesizes TTAGGG telomeric repeats. [10] Unlike in other RNPs, in telomerase, the protein TERT is catalytic while the lncRNA TERC is structural, rather than acting as a ribozyme. [14] The core region of TERC and TERT are sufficient to reconstitute catalytic telomerase activity ...
Telomeric repeat–containing RNA (TERRA) is a long non-coding RNA transcribed from telomeres - repetitive nucleotide regions found on the ends of chromosomes that function to protect DNA from deterioration or fusion with neighboring chromosomes. TERRA has been shown to be ubiquitously expressed in almost all cell types containing linear ...
An image of multiple chromosomes, taken from many cells. Plant genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity specifically in plants. [1] [2] It is generally considered a field of biology and botany, but intersects frequently with many other life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information systems.
In A. thaliana, function A is mainly represented by two genes APETALA1 (AP1) and APETALA2 (AP2) [16] AP1 is a MADS-box type gene, while AP2 belongs to the family of genes that contains AP2, which it gives its name to and which consists of transcription factors that are only found in plants. [17]
Mendel, who is known as the "father of modern genetics", was inspired to study variation in plants. Between 1856 and 1863, Mendel cultivated and tested some 29,000 pea plants (i.e., Pisum sativum). This study showed that one in four pea plants had purebred recessive alleles, two out of four were hybrid and one out of four were purebred dominant.
The A-Domain is highly conserved, any mutation abolishes origin function. Mutations on B1, B2, and B3 will diminish, but not prevent functioning of the origin. Element A is highly conserved, consisting of the consensus sequence: 5'- T/A T T T A Y R T T T T/A -3' (where Y is either pyrimidine and R is either purine). When this element is mutated ...