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A mosquito on a bottle of "natural" insect repellent. Several natural ingredients are certified by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as insect repellents, namely catnip oil, oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) (and its active ingredient p-Menthane-3,8-diol), oil of citronella, and 2-Undecanone, which is usually produced synthetically ...
Anthranilate-based insect repellents include methyl anthranilate, N,N-dimethylanthranilic acid (DMA), ethyl anthranilate (EA), and butyl anthranilate (BA). Chemically, they are esters of anthranilic acid .
Repellents provide some protection against biting flies. Products containing the active ingredient ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate (IR3535), DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide), or picaridin are most effective. Some beauty products have been found effective, and their use as insect repellents have been approved by EPA (e.g., Skin So Soft). [14]
DEET is effective against a variety of invertebrates, including ticks, flies, mosquitos, and some parasitic worms. [3]A 2018 systematic review found no consistent performance difference between DEET and icaridin in field studies and concluded that they are equally preferred mosquito repellents, noting that 50% DEET offers longer protection but is not available in some countries.
Icaridin, also known as picaridin, is an insect repellent which can be used directly on skin or clothing. [1] It has broad efficacy against various arthropods such as mosquitos, ticks, gnats, flies and fleas, and is almost colorless and odorless.
The mechanism of action is still under investigation, but it probably related to the intolerance of mosquitos and other invertebrate animals to its odor. IR3535 is applied topically in human skin and prevent bites from mosquitos and ticks that might cause serious diseases, such as dengue , malaria , zika , West Nile virus , Lyme disease , among ...
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Their insecticidal and insect-repellent properties have been known and used for thousands of years. Pyrethrins are gradually replacing organophosphates and organochlorides as the pesticides of choice as the latter compounds have been shown to have significant and persistent toxic effects to humans. They first appeared on markets in the 1900s ...