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From north to south, Hungary differs by only about 3 degrees of latitude.The seasonal variance in the angle of incidence of the Sun's rays is, therefore, about 3°. The annual total insolation of the surface of the country varies between 80 and 110 kcal/cm 2 (330 and 460 kJ/cm 2; 520 and 710 kcal/sq in).
Hungary's achievements in science and technology have been significant, and research and development efforts form an integral part of the country's economy. Hungary spent 1.61% of its gross domestic product (GDP) on civil research and development in 2020, which is the 25th highest ratio in the world. [171]
The European Union's Copernicus and the World Meteorological Organization reported in April 2024 that Europe was Earth's most rapidly warming continent, with temperatures rising at a rate twice as high as the global average rate, and that Europe's 5-year average temperatures were 2.3 °C higher relative to pre-industrial temperatures compared to 1.3 °C for the rest of the world.
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Climate change can also be used more broadly to include changes to the climate that have happened throughout Earth's history. [32] Global warming—used as early as 1975 [33] —became the more popular term after NASA climate scientist James Hansen used it in his 1988 testimony in the U.S. Senate. [34] Since the 2000s, climate change has ...
Due to climate change temperatures rose in Europe and heat mortality increased. From 2003–12 to 2013–22 alone, it increased by 17 deaths per 100,000 people, while women are more vulnerable than men. [54] In the absence of climate change, extreme heat waves in Europe would be expected to occur only once every several hundred years. In ...
The 2024 Central European floods were a series of floods caused by a record heavy rainfall generated by Storm Boris, an extremely humid Genoa low.The flooding began in Austria and the Czech Republic, then spread to Poland, Romania and Slovakia, and then onwards to Germany and Hungary.
There are a range of views over what level of climate change is dangerous. [106]: 29–33 Scientific analysis can provide information on the risks of climate change, but deciding which risks are dangerous requires value judgements. [107] The global warming that has already occurred poses a risk to some human and natural systems. [108]