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Walter Sutton (left) and Theodor Boveri (right) independently developed different parts of the chromosome theory of inheritance in 1902.. The Boveri–Sutton chromosome theory (also known as the chromosome theory of inheritance or the Sutton–Boveri theory) is a fundamental unifying theory of genetics which identifies chromosomes as the carriers of genetic material.
The hereditary material i.e. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) of an organism is composed of a sequence of four nucleotides in a specific pattern, which encodes information as a function of their order. Genomic organization refers to the linear order of DNA elements and their division into chromosomes .
In such a case, properties that are closed with respect to taking induced subgraphs, are called induced-hereditary. The language of hereditary properties and induced-hereditary properties provides a powerful tool for study of structural properties of various types of generalized colourings. The most important result from this area is the unique ...
The duplication and transmission of genetic material from one generation of cells to the next is the basis for molecular inheritance and the link between the classical and molecular pictures of genes. Organisms inherit the characteristics of their parents because the cells of the offspring contain copies of the genes in their parents' cells.
DNA contains the genetic information that allows all forms of life to function, grow and reproduce. However, it is unclear how long in the 4-billion-year history of life DNA has performed this function, as it has been proposed that the earliest forms of life may have used RNA as their genetic material.
Molecular genetics is a branch of biology that addresses how differences in the structures or expression of DNA molecules manifests as variation among organisms. Molecular genetics often applies an "investigative approach" to determine the structure and/or function of genes in an organism's genome using genetic screens.
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or lateral gene transfer (LGT) [1] [2] [3] is the movement of genetic material between organisms other than by the ("vertical") transmission of DNA from parent to offspring (reproduction). [4] HGT is an important factor in the evolution of many organisms.
The zygote's genome is a combination of the DNA in each gamete, and contains all of the genetic information of a new individual organism. The sexual fusion of haploid cells is called karyogamy , the result of which is the formation of a diploid cell called the zygote or zygospore.