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Perey named the element francium, after her home country, and it joined the other alkali metals in Group 1 of the periodic table of elements. [3] [7] Francium is the second rarest element (after astatine) — only about 550g exists in the entire Earth's crust at any given time — and it was the last element to be discovered in nature.
Francium-223 is the most stable isotope, with a half-life of 21.8 minutes, [8] and it is highly unlikely that an isotope of francium with a longer half-life will ever be discovered or synthesized. [22] Francium-223 is a fifth product of the uranium-235 decay series as a daughter isotope of actinium-227; thorium-227 is the more common daughter. [23]
Francium (87 Fr) has no stable isotopes, thus a standard atomic weight cannot be given. Its most stable isotope is 223 Fr with a half-life of 22 minutes, occurring in trace quantities in nature as an intermediate decay product of 235 U. Of elements whose most stable isotopes have been identified with certainty, francium is the most unstable.
The CsFr molecule is predicted to have francium at the negative end of the dipole, unlike all known heterodiatomic alkali metal molecules. Francium superoxide (FrO 2) is expected to have a more covalent character than its lighter congeners; this is attributed to the 6p electrons in francium being more involved in the francium–oxygen bonding. [4]
The claim that francium has a lower electronegativity than caesium is widely, though not universally, repeated: this would be expected on the basis of periodicity, but measurements show that the ionization energy of francium is higher (4.0712 eV; Andreev, S.V.; Letokhov, V.S.; Mishin, V.I., Laser resonance photoionization spectroscopy of ...
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Francium (Fr, atomic number 87) is a highly radioactive metal that decays into astatine, radium, or radon. It is one of the two least electronegative elements; the other is caesium. As an alkali metal, it has one valence electron. Francium was discovered by Marguerite Perey in France (from which the element takes its name) in 1939. [8]
Francium, formerly known as eka-caesium and actinium K, is a chemical element that has the symbol Fr and atomic number 87. It has the lowest known electronegativity and is the second rarest naturally occurring element (after Astatine). Francium is a highly radioactive metal that decays into astatine, radium, and radon.