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eFAST (extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma) allows an emergency physician or a surgeon the ability to determine whether a patient has pneumothorax, hemothorax, pleural effusion, mass/tumor, or a lodged foreign body. The exam allows for visualization of the echogenic tissue, ribs, and lung tissue.
Percussion is performed in a systematic matter, from the upper chest to the lower ribs, and resonance is compared between the left and right sides of the chest. This is done from the front and back of the thorax. [14] Percussion over different body tissues results in five common "notes". [14] Resonance: Loud and low pitched. Normal lung sound. [15]
Medical ultrasound includes diagnostic techniques (mainly imaging techniques) using ultrasound, as well as therapeutic applications of ultrasound. In diagnosis, it is used to create an image of internal body structures such as tendons, muscles, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs, to measure some characteristics (e.g., distances and velocities) or to generate an informative audible sound.
Studies have shown that normal lung sounds have distinctive characteristics that can be differentiated from abnormal lung sounds, [6] thus supporting the potential clinical value of acoustic lung imaging. By using the VRI that simultaneously records the vibration energy from 40 points over 12 seconds and presents all of the derived information ...
Pulmonary laceration is a common result of penetrating trauma but may also be caused by blunt trauma; broken ribs may perforate the lung, or the tissue may be torn due to shearing forces [5] that result from different rates of acceleration or deceleration of different tissues of the lung. [6]
The left paratracheal stripe is more variable and only seen in 25% of normal patients on posteroanterior views. [ 7 ] Localization of lesions or inflammatory and infectious processes can be difficult to discern on chest radiograph, but can be inferred by silhouetting and the hilum overlay sign with adjacent structures.
The area of the chest wall near the contusion may be tender [13] or painful due to associated chest wall injury. Signs and symptoms take time to develop, and as many as half of cases are asymptomatic at the initial presentation. [5] The more severe the injury, the more quickly symptoms become apparent.
Diagnostic medical sonography (DMS), a branch of diagnostic medical imaging, is the use of imaging by medical ultrasound for medical diagnosis. DMS uses non-ionizing ultrasound to produce 2D and 3D images of the body. In Canada, the credentialing for diagnostic medical sonography is the Canadian Association of Registered Ultrasound Professionals.