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English: Oldest surviving Ptolemaic map of Palestine, from Ptolemy's fourth map of Asia العربية: أقدم خريطة بطلمية موجودة لفلسطين، وهي من الخريطة البطلمية الرابعة لآسيا، إذ تعد الفترة البطلمية أفضل الفترات توثيقاً للتاريخ.
Notable features of Ptolemy's map is the first use of longitudinal and latitudinal lines as well as specifying terrestrial locations by celestial observations. The Geography was translated from Greek into Arabic in the 9th century and played a role in the work of al-Khwārizmī before lapsing into obscurity. The idea of a global coordinate ...
Reigning for 275 years, the Ptolemaic was the longest and last dynasty of ancient Egypt from 305 BC until its incorporation into the Roman Republic in 30 BC. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Ptolemy , a general and one of the somatophylakes (bodyguard companions) of Alexander the Great , was appointed satrap of Egypt after Alexander's death in 323 BC.
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In the first half of the 15th century, Florentine humanists used it mainly as a philological resource to understand the geography of ancient texts; Venetian cartographers attempted to reconcile Ptolemaic maps with portolan charts and medieval mappaemundi, and French and German scholars with an interest in astrology focused on Ptolemy's ...
Pages from 1550 Annotazione on Sacrobosco's De sphaera mundi, showing the Ptolemaic system. In the Ptolemaic system, each planet is moved by a system of two spheres: one called its deferent; the other, its epicycle. The deferent is a circle whose center point, called the eccentric and marked in the diagram with an X, is distant from the Earth.
Nederlands: The Ptolemaic system is an ancient astronomical model that posits the Earth as the center of the universe, with the planets, the Sun, and the stars orbiting around it in a series of concentric circles.
The center of the system is marked with an X, and the earth is slightly off of the center. Opposite the earth is the equant point, which is what the planetary deferent would actually rotate around. Distances have been exaggerated as has the simplicity for the purposes of illustration.