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Pages from 1550 Annotazione on Sacrobosco's De sphaera mundi, showing the Ptolemaic system. In the Ptolemaic system, each planet is moved by a system of two spheres: one called its deferent; the other, its epicycle. The deferent is a circle whose center point, called the eccentric and marked in the diagram with an X, is distant from the Earth.
English: Oldest surviving Ptolemaic map of Palestine, from Ptolemy's fourth map of Asia العربية: أقدم خريطة بطلمية موجودة لفلسطين، وهي من الخريطة البطلمية الرابعة لآسيا، إذ تعد الفترة البطلمية أفضل الفترات توثيقاً للتاريخ.
Nederlands: The Ptolemaic system is an ancient astronomical model that posits the Earth as the center of the universe, with the planets, the Sun, and the stars orbiting around it in a series of concentric circles.
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Notable features of Ptolemy's map is the first use of longitudinal and latitudinal lines as well as specifying terrestrial locations by celestial observations. The Geography was translated from Greek into Arabic in the 9th century and played a role in the work of al-Khwārizmī before lapsing into obscurity. The idea of a global coordinate ...
Latitude was expressed in degrees of arc from the equator, the same system that is used now, though Ptolemy used fractions of a degree rather than minutes of arc. [26] His Prime Meridian , of 0 longitude , ran through the Fortunate Isles , the westernmost land recorded, [ 27 ] at around the position of El Hierro in the Canary Islands . [ 28 ]
Counting the total number is difficult, but estimates are that he created a system just as complicated, or even more so. [16] Koestler, in his history of man's vision of the universe, equates the number of epicycles used by Copernicus at 48. [17] The popular total of about 80 circles for the Ptolemaic system seems to have appeared in 1898.