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C. Tubular adenoma is most commonly but not exclusively located at the upper outer quadrant of the breast and presents in young women. Attachment to the nipple is a feature of nipple adenoma. Axillary lymphadenopathy, an irregular border and fixation are malignant features not commonly associated with tubular adenomas.
Traditional serrated adenomas can be distinguished from sessile serrated adenomas and hyperplastic polyps by their low Ki67 staining, specifically within the ectopic crypts (Am J Surg Pathol 2008;32:21) Tubulovillous adenoma: Definitive dysplastic nuclei, no eosinophilic cytoplasm, no serrated architecture or ectopic crypts.
Decreased numbers of goblet cells and absorptive cells. Small (< 25%) villous component is acceptable. Tubulovillous adenoma: Similar to tubular adenoma but with 25 - 75% of villous component. Villous component: architecture that resemble small intestinal villi. Villous adenoma: > 75% of villous component.
Well differentiated subtype of colorectal carcinoma with good prognosis that resembles villous adenoma on the surface (Anticancer Res 1998;18:2649) Formally recognized by the WHO Essential features
Board review style answer #2. D. Nevus sebaceus. The tumor is a tubular apocrine adenoma, which often arises in a background of nevus sebaceus and is sometimes associated with syringocystadenoma papilliferum. Answer A is incorrect because while Cowden syndrome is associated with other cutaneous adnexal tumors, it is not associated with tubular ...
Tubulovillous adenoma with extensive high grade dysplasia (see comment) Comment: The findings are compatible with an interpretation as intramucosal carcinoma, though this concept is rarely applied to colorectal lesions. The sample is relatively superficial and an unsampled invasive process cannot be excluded.
Intercalated duct lineage (IDL) could be precursor; IDL, tubular basal cell adenoma (BCA) and nontubular BCA form a continuum of lesions in which IDLs are related closely to tubular BCA (Histopathology 2014;64:880) According to some studies, myoepithelial or intercalated duct lineage might be the origin of BCA (J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2010;9:289)
Board review style answer #1. A. Benign, completely encapsulated, lacks nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma, absent capsular and vascular invasion. Follicular adenoma is a benign encapsulated tumor, which lacks capsular and vascular invasion as well as nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Simple adenosis of the breast is a proliferation of glands with normal 2 cell layer (inner epithelial and outer myoepithelial) configuration involving terminal duct lobular units. It rarely harbors atypia and does not show distortion by fibrosis as seen in other forms of adenosis (e.g. sclerosing, tubular), making diagnosis relatively easy via ...
Pathophysiology. Based on specific subtypes: HNF1A mutated hepatocellular adenoma (HA-H): somatic mutations of TCF1 (HNF1A) gene and rare (< 5%) heterozygous germline mutations of CYP1B1 gene; resultant increase in lipogenesis by promotion of fatty acid synthesis and by downregulation of liver type fatty acid binding protein (LFABP) (Nat Genet ...