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For example, a sphere with diameter 1 m has 52.4% the volume of a cube with edge length 1 ... for a given surface area, the sphere is the solid of maximum volume. [3]
The area-equivalent diameter D A, also termed circular-equivalent diameter, is the diameter of a sphere having the same projected area as the particle's projection. Enabled by the introduction of digital image analysis, this corresponds to a direct measurement of the projection area by pixel counting.
For example, assuming the Earth is a sphere of radius 6371 km, the surface area of the arctic (north of the Arctic Circle, at latitude 66.56° as of August 2016 [7]) is 2π ⋅ 6371 2 | sin 90° − sin 66.56° | = 21.04 million km 2 (8.12 million sq mi), or 0.5 ⋅ | sin 90° − sin 66.56° | = 4.125% of the total surface area of the Earth.
In applied sciences, the equivalent radius (or mean radius) is the radius of a circle or sphere with the same perimeter, area, or volume of a non-circular or non-spherical object. The equivalent diameter (or mean diameter) is twice the equivalent radius.
The formula for the surface area of a sphere is more difficult to derive: because a sphere has nonzero Gaussian curvature, it cannot be flattened out. The formula for the surface area of a sphere was first obtained by Archimedes in his work On the Sphere and Cylinder. The formula is: [6] A = 4πr 2 (sphere), where r is the radius of the sphere.
A sphere of radius r has surface area 4πr 2.. The surface area (symbol A) of a solid object is a measure of the total area that the surface of the object occupies. [1] The mathematical definition of surface area in the presence of curved surfaces is considerably more involved than the definition of arc length of one-dimensional curves, or of the surface area for polyhedra (i.e., objects with ...
Area-based particle size Area-based particle size equals the diameter of the sphere that has the same surface area as a given particle. Typically used in optical granulometry techniques. = where : diameter of representative sphere: surface area of particle
In fluid dynamics, Sauter mean diameter (SMD) is an average measure of particle size.It was originally developed by German scientist Josef Sauter in the late 1920s. [1] [2] It is defined as the diameter of a sphere that has the same volume/surface area ratio as a particle of interest.