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A coalition government, or coalition cabinet, is a government by political parties that enter into a power-sharing arrangement of the executive. [1] Coalition governments usually occur when no single party has achieved an absolute majority after an election .
If a coalition collapses, a confidence vote is held or a motion of no confidence is taken. For the purposes of this list, coalitions can come in two forms. The first is produced by two or more parties joining forces after fighting elections separately to form a majority government.
Coalition government is an alternative model to a majority government, the latter being prevalent in winner-take-all first-past-the-post electoral systems that favor clear distinctions between winners and losers.
A system where only three parties have a realistic possibility of winning an election or forming a coalition is sometimes called a "third-party system". [citation needed] A two-party system requires voters to align themselves in large blocks, sometimes so large that they cannot agree on any overarching principles.
The United Kingdom has had several coalition governments throughout its history: Aberdeen ministry, the British government under Lord Aberdeen (1852–1855) Asquith coalition ministry, the British government under H. H. Asquith (1915–1916) Lloyd George ministry, the British government under David Lloyd George (1916–1922)
A national unity government, government of national unity (GNU), or national union government is a broad coalition government consisting of all parties (or all major parties) in the legislature, usually formed during a time of war or other national emergency.
Map of European nations coloured by percentage of vote governing party got in last election as of 2022. The ruling party or governing party in a democratic parliamentary or presidential system is the political party or coalition holding a majority of elected positions in a parliament, in the case of parliamentary systems, or holding the executive branch, in presidential systems, that ...
A coalition government is a more formal arrangement than a confidence-and-supply agreement, in that members from junior parties (i.e., parties other than the largest) gain positions in the cabinet and ministerial roles, and are generally expected to hold the government whip on passing legislation.