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Diverticulitis, also called colonic diverticulitis, is a gastrointestinal disease characterized by inflammation of abnormal pouches—diverticula—that can develop in the wall of the large intestine. [1] Symptoms typically include lower abdominal pain of sudden onset, but the onset may also occur over a few days. [1]
Diverticulitis is defined as diverticular disease with signs and symptoms of diverticular inflammation. Clinical features of acute diverticulitis include constant abdominal pain, localized abdominal tenderness in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, fever and leukocytosis .
This disease spectrum includes diverticulitis, symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD), and segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis (SCAD). [2] The most common symptoms across the disease spectrum are abdominal pain and bowel habit changes such as diarrhea or constipation.
A Meckel's diverticulum, a true congenital diverticulum, is a slight bulge in the small intestine present at birth and a vestigial remnant of the vitelline duct.It is the most common malformation of the gastrointestinal tract and is present in approximately 2% of the population, [1] with males more frequently experiencing symptoms.
It can be either congenital or acquired, but the acquired form is more common and is due to the weakness of the duodenal wall, which causes protrusions. It is usually found at the second or third part of duodenum, around the ampulla of Vater. Food debris may enter the diverticular outpouchings, causing inflammation or diverticulitis.
Pattern A is characterized by involvement of crescentic folds and is the most common type of SCAD (52%). [2] Pattern B has an appearance similar to mild-to moderate ulcerative colitis (30.40%), whereas pattern C appears similar to Crohn's disease (10.90%). [2] Pattern D is the least common, and appears similar to severe ulcerative colitis (6.50 ...
Diverticulitis is a common cause of abdominal pain resulting from outpouchings that particularly affect the colon. Functional colonic diseases refer to disorders without a known cause, including irritable bowel syndrome and intestinal pseudoobstruction .
Diverticulitis (26.5%) and acute appendicitis (22%) are the two most common causes. Pylephlebitis is caused by a single pathogen in 43% of cases and polymicrobial in 27% of cases. The most frequently isolated bacteria are Escherichia coli (25%), Bacteroides spp. (17%), and Streptococcus spp. (15%).