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For an example of a repeated game, consider two gas stations that are adjacent to one another. They compete by publicly posting pricing, and have the same and constant marginal cost c (the wholesale price of gasoline). Assume that when they both charge p = 10, their joint profit is maximized, resulting in a high profit for everyone.
∆ may refer to: . Triangle (∆), one of the basic shapes in geometry. Many different mathematical equations include the use of the triangle.; Delta (letter) (Δ), a Greek letter also used in mathematics and computer science
For example, rounding x = 2.1784 dollars to whole cents (i.e., to a multiple of 0.01) entails computing 2.1784 / 0.01 = 217.84, then rounding that to 218, and finally computing 218 × 0.01 = 2.18. When rounding to a predetermined number of significant digits , the increment m depends on the magnitude of the number to be rounded (or of the ...
Here, the most widely used and simplest algorithm will be demonstrated, namely, the naïve "escape time algorithm". In the escape time algorithm, a repeating calculation is performed for each x, y point in the plot area and based on the behavior of that calculation, a color is chosen for that pixel.
Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%.
A practical application of this occurs for example for random walks, since the probability for the time of the last visit to the origin in a random walk is distributed as the arcsine distribution Beta(1/2, 1/2): [5] [12] the mean of a number of realizations of a random walk is a much more robust estimator than the median (which is an ...
While modern firearms are generally referred to by the name of the cartridge the gun is chambered for, they are still categorized together based on bore diameter. [citation needed] For example, a firearm might be described as a "30 caliber rifle", which could accommodate any of a wide range of cartridges using a roughly 0.30 inches (7.6 mm) projectile; or as a "22 rimfire", referring to any ...
In a perfect tetrahedron, the atoms would form a 109.5° angle, but the repulsion between the lone pairs is greater than the repulsion between the hydrogen atoms. [91] [92] The O–H bond length is about 0.096 nm. [93] Other substances have a tetrahedral molecular structure, for example methane (CH 4) and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S).