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To determine the density of a liquid or a gas, a hydrometer, a dasymeter or a Coriolis flow meter may be used, respectively. Similarly, hydrostatic weighing uses the displacement of water due to a submerged object to determine the density of the object.
ρ new is the unknown density of the new (green) liquid. RD new/ref is the relative density of the new liquid with respect to the reference. V is the volume of reference liquid displaced, i.e. the red volume in the diagram. m is the mass of the entire hydrometer. g is the local gravitational constant. Δx is the change in displacement.
The hydrometer sinks deeper in low-density liquids such as kerosene, gasoline, and alcohol, and less deep in high-density liquids such as brine, milk, and acids. It is usual for hydrometers to be used with dense liquids to have the mark 1.000 (for water) near the top of the stem, and those for use with lighter liquids to have 1.000 near the bottom.
The Gladstone–Dale relation [1] is a mathematical relation used for optical analysis of liquids, the determination of composition from optical measurements. It can also be used to calculate the density of a liquid for use in fluid dynamics (e.g., flow visualization [2]).
Both gas and liquid flow can be measured in physical quantities of kind volumetric flow rate or mass flow rates, with respective SI units such as cubic meters per second or kilograms per second, respectively. These measurements are related by the material's density. The density of a liquid is almost independent of conditions.
The interest stems from that accurate measurements of the unit cell volume, atomic weight and mass density of a pure crystalline solid provide a direct determination of the Avogadro constant. [ 3 ] The CODATA recommended value for the molar volume of silicon is 1.205 883 199 (60) × 10 −5 m 3 ⋅mol −1 , with a relative standard uncertainty ...
Many density meters can measure both the wet portion and the dry portion of a sample. The wet portion comprises the density from all liquids present in the sample. The dry solids comprise solely of the density of the solids present in the sample. A density meter does not measure the specific gravity of a sample directly. However, the specific ...
U-tube with piezo-electric actuator Digital density measuring principle. The oscillating U-tube is a technique to determine the density of liquids and gases based on an electronic measurement of the frequency of oscillation, from which the density value is calculated. This measuring principle is based on the Mass-Spring Model.