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In the management of Parkinson's disease, due to the chronic nature of Parkinson's disease (PD), a broad-based program is needed that includes patient and family education, support-group services, general wellness maintenance, exercise, and nutrition. At present, no cure for the disease is known, but medications or surgery can provide relief ...
Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a form of dyskinesia associated with levodopa (l-DOPA), used to treat Parkinson's disease. It often involves hyperkinetic movements, including chorea, dystonia, and athetosis. [1] In the context of Parkinson's disease (PD), dyskinesia is often the result of long-term dopamine therapy.
Current pharmacological intervention consist on the administration of L-dopa, a dopamine precursor. The L-dopa therapy increases dopamine production of the remaining nigral neurons. [2] Other therapy is the deep brain electrical stimulation to modulate the overactivity of the subthalamic nucleus to the loss of dopamine signaling in the stratum. [3]
Parkinson's disease causes neuropsychiatric disturbances, which mainly include cognitive disorders, mood disorders, and behavior problems, and can be as disabling as motor symptoms. [1] Since L-Dopa, the widely used drug in Parkinson's disease treatment, is decarboxylated by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), which is found in both ...
This treatment was later extended to manganese poisoning and later Parkinsonism by George Cotzias and his coworkers, [23] who used greatly increased oral doses, for which they won the 1969 Lasker Prize. [24] [25] The first study reporting improvements in patients with Parkinson's disease resulting from treatment with levodopa was published in ...
It is primarily used to improve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease but does not change the course of the disease. [6] It can take two to three weeks of treatment before benefits are seen. [7] Each dose then begins working in about ten minutes to two hours depending on the formulation, with a duration of effect of about five hours. [7] [8] [9]
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