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According to perceptual symbol systems theory, bottom-up patterns of activation within sensory-motor areas become associated during perception, and thus become perceptually-based symbols. Barsalou suggests that attentional mechanisms then bind these diverse perceptual components into stable networks of associations, termed simulators, which are ...
The five symbols are a hollow circle, a plus sign, three vertical wavy lines, a hollow square, and a hollow five-pointed star. [3]: 115 [4] In a test for ESP, the experimenter picks up a card in a shuffled pack, observes the symbol, and records the answer of the person being tested, who would guess which of the five designs is on the card.
The symbol grounding problem is a concept in the fields of artificial intelligence, cognitive science, philosophy of mind, and semantics.It addresses the challenge of connecting symbols, such as words or abstract representations, to the real-world objects or concepts they refer to.
Common coding theory is a cognitive psychology theory describing how perceptual representations (e.g. of things we can see and hear) and motor representations (e.g. of hand actions) are linked. The theory claims that there is a shared representation (a common code) for both perception and action.
Another example is the sentence "Debby donated a big amount of money to Greenpeace, an organisation which protects the environment", which contains the propositions "Debby donated money to Greenpeace", "The amount of money was big" and "Greenpeace protects the environment". If one or more of the propositions is false, the whole sentence is false.
Basic research on processing fluency has been applied to marketing, [29] to business names, and to finance. For example, psychologists have determined that, during the week following their IPO, stocks perform better when their names are fluent/easy to pronounce and when their ticker symbols are pronounceable (e.g., KAG) vs. unpronounceable (e.g., KGH).
A computer running a program: the symbols and expressions are data structures, the process is the program that changes the data structures. The physical symbol system hypothesis claims that both of the following are also examples of physical symbol systems: Intelligent human thought: the symbols are encoded in our brains. The expressions are ...
[1] [2] [3] In particular, phenomenal consciousness is thought to be a higher-order representation of perceptual or quasi-perceptual contents, such as visual images. [ 1 ] Higher-order theories are distinguished from other cognitive /representational accounts of consciousness which suggest that merely first-order mentality of certain sorts ...