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Pendulum-and-hydrostat control is a control mechanism developed originally for depth control of the Whitehead torpedo. It is an early example of what is now known as proportional and derivative control. The hydrostat is a mechanism that senses pressure; the torpedo's
Control surfaces are essential for a torpedo to maintain its course and depth. A homing torpedo also needs to be able to outmaneuver a target. Good hydrodynamics are needed for it to attain high speed efficiently and also to give a long range since the torpedo has limited stored energy.
After hearing of the deep-running torpedo problem, most submarine skippers simply set their torpedoes' running depth to zero, [54] which risked the torpedo broaching the surface. Torpedo depth is a control problem; good depth control requires more than just measuring the torpedo's depth. A depth control system that used just depth (measured by ...
Figure 2: Illustration of general torpedo fire-control problem. A straight-running torpedo has a gyroscope-based control system that ensures that the torpedo will run a straight course. [26] The torpedo can run on a course different from that of the submarine by adjusting a parameter called the gyro angle, which sets the course of the torpedo ...
Mk-48 and Mk-48 ADCAP torpedoes can be guided from a submarine by wires attached to the torpedo. They can also use their own active or passive sensors to execute programmed target search, acquisition, and attack procedures. The torpedo is designed to detonate under the keel of a surface ship, breaking the keel and destroying its structural ...
Mark 10 torpedoes, and those developed at the same time (Mark 9 air- and Mark 8 surface ship-launched) used essentially the same control package (the Ulan gear [clarification needed]) as the newer Mark 14 for depth and direction. [citation needed] The running depth could be set to between 5 and 35 m (16 and 115 ft).
During trials, the Mark VIII achieved a test depth of 200 ft (61 m) without issue, but the production units were limited to a maximal depth of 44 ft (13 m) by their depth control mechanisms. [17] At the beginning of the 1960s, the Mark VIII was the only feasible anti-surface ship weapon available to the Royal Navy submarine service. [ 18 ]
Mark 32 surface vessel torpedo tubes (Mk 32 SVTT) is a torpedo launching system designed for the United States Navy. [2] History. The Mark 32 has been the standard ...