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While the U.S. was one of the world leaders in the provision of primary education during the late-19th century, so was Prussia, an absolutist regime. Democratization appears to have no effect on levels of access to primary education around the world, based on an analysis of historical student enrollment rates for 109 countries from 1820 to 2010.
Universities in northern Europe were more willing to accept the ideas of Enlightenment and were often greatly influenced by them. For instance, the historical ensemble of the University of Tartu in Estonia, that was erected around that time, is now included in the European Heritage Label list as an example of a university in the Age of Enlightenment.
Goodchild, Lester F., et al., eds. Higher Education in the American West: Regional History and State Contexts (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014) Higgins, Andrew Stone. Higher Education For All: Racial Inequality, Cold War Liberalism, and the California Master Plan (The University of North Carolina Press, 2023) Jencks, Christopher, and David Riesman.
The education of Blacks in the South, 1860-1935 (U of North Carolina Press, 2010). online; Bond, Horace Mann. Negro Education in Alabama: A Study in Cotton and Steel (1939). online, a famous classic; Bullock, Henry Allen. A history of Negro education in the South: From 1619 to the present (Harvard UP, 1967). online
The History of Education: Educational Practice and Progress Considered as a Phase of the Development and Spread of Western Civilization (1920) online; Herbst, Jurgen. "NineteenthâCentury Schools between Community and State: The Cases of Prussia and the United States." History of Education Quarterly 42.3 (2002): 317–341.
Education in French-controlled West Africa during the late 1800s and early 1900s was different from the nationally uniform compulsory education of France in the 1880s. "Adapted education" was organized in 1903 and used the French curriculum as a basis, replacing information relevant to France with "comparable information drawn from the African ...
The history of education in Massachusetts covers all levels of schooling in Massachusetts from colonial times to the present. It also includes the political and intellectual history of educational policies. The state was a national leader in pedagogical techniques and ideas, and in developing public schools as well as private schools and colleges.
In each case, Enlightenment values became accepted and led to significant political and administrative reforms that laid the groundwork for the creation of modern states. [115] The princes of Saxony, for example, carried out an impressive series of fundamental fiscal, administrative, judicial, educational, cultural, and general economic reforms.