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  2. Sign convention - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_convention

    In physics, a sign convention is a choice of the physical significance of signs (plus or minus) for a set of quantities, in a case where the choice of sign is arbitrary. . "Arbitrary" here means that the same physical system can be correctly described using different choices for the signs, as long as one set of definitions is used consiste

  3. Thermodynamic square - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_square

    Notice that the sign convention will affect only the coefficients, not the differentials. Finally, always add , where denotes the chemical potential. Therefore, we would have: = + +. The Gibbs–Duhem equation can be derived by using this technique. Notice though that the final addition of the differential of the chemical potential has to be ...

  4. Carnot's theorem (thermodynamics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnot's_theorem...

    The sign convention of work , with which the sign of + for work done by an engine to its surroundings, is employed. The above expression means that heat into the hot reservoir from the engine pair (can be considered as a single engine) is greater than heat into the engine pair from the hot reservoir (i.e., the hot reservoir continuously gets ...

  5. Work (thermodynamics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_(thermodynamics)

    This historical sign convention has been used in many physics textbooks and is used in the present article. [25] According to the first law of thermodynamics for a closed system, any net change in the internal energy U must be fully accounted for, in terms of heat Q entering the system and work W done by the system: [14]

  6. Standard state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_state

    The standard state of a material (pure substance, mixture or solution) is a reference point used to calculate its properties under different conditions.A degree sign (°) or a superscript Plimsoll symbol (⦵) is used to designate a thermodynamic quantity in the standard state, such as change in enthalpy (ΔH°), change in entropy (ΔS°), or change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG°).

  7. Thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamics

    The results of thermodynamics are essential for other fields of physics and for chemistry, chemical engineering, corrosion engineering, aerospace engineering, mechanical engineering, cell biology, biomedical engineering, materials science, and economics, to name a few.

  8. Thermodynamic equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_equations

    Thermodynamics is expressed by a mathematical framework of thermodynamic equations which relate various thermodynamic quantities and physical properties measured in a laboratory or production process. Thermodynamics is based on a fundamental set of postulates, that became the laws of thermodynamics.

  9. Talk:Sign convention - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Sign_convention

    Finally, the choice of the sign of work in the first law of thermodynamics is really different from the other sign choices because this happens to change the physical meaning. One way, work is defined as the work done on the system, the other way it's the work done by the system.