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Controlled airspace is airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control (ATC) services are provided. [1] [2] The level of control varies with different classes of airspace. Controlled airspace usually imposes higher weather minimums than are applicable in uncontrolled airspace. [3] It is the opposite of uncontrolled airspace.
FIRs are the largest regular division of airspace in use in the world today, and have existed at least since 1947. [2] [3] Smaller countries' airspace is encompassed by a single FIR; larger countries' airspace is subdivided into a number of regional FIRs. [4] [5] Some FIRs encompass the territorial airspace of several countries. [6]
Controlled airspace is a generic term that covers the different classifications of airspace and defined dimensions within which air traffic control (ATC) service is provided in accordance with the airspace classification. Controlled airspace consists of: [14] Class A; Class B; Class C; Class D; Class E; Airspace classes in the United States
Area control centers (ACCs) control IFR air traffic in their flight information region (FIR). The current list of FIRs and ACCs is maintained by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The following is the alphabetic list of all ACCs and their FIRs as of October 2011:
Control areas are established in any areas when the density of air traffic is high: [2] An airway is a case of a "control area or portion of thereof established in the form of a corridor". [3] Terminal Control Area is "a control area normally established at the confluence of ATS routes in the vicinity of one or more major aerodromes." [1] [3]
Airspace class is a category used to divide the sky into different zones, defined by both geographical boundaries and altitude levels. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) provides standardized airspace classifications that most countries follow. The classification dictates the level of control and services provided to aircraft ...
Individual countries designate different portions of airspace as class G, e.g. in the UK, airspace above FL660 (Flight Level 660 or 66,000 feet) is uncontrolled and belonging to class G, [7] while in the US, any airspace above FL600 (60,000 feet) is designated as class E and therefore controlled. [8]
A control area (CTA) is often placed between a CTR and nearby airways to give uninterrupted controlled airspace to airways arrivals and departures. In Germany, control zones are a special type of class D airspace, called D (CTR). The main difference to the regular German class D airspace is, that within a CTR there is a minimum required cloud ...