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Elongation is a crucial parameter enabling strain calculation, essential for understanding a material's mechanical properties. Analyzing elongation at different stress levels helps determine yield point, ultimate tensile strength, and ductility of the material.
Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, [1] is a fundamental materials science and engineering test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. [2]
This measurement is used to figure out how long a material can stretch before it snaps, breaks, or fractures (that’s why it’s also called the “fracture strain”). The value itself shows the change between a material’s starting length and just how much it has stretched.
What are the test methods to calculate elongation? Tensile tests measure the force required to break a specimen. It also determines the extent to which the specimen stretches or elongates to that breaking point.
HOW IS ELONGATION MEASURED? Elongation is most often measured using the ASTM D412 test method, a standard test for strip samples of rubber and elastomers. It’s crucial to measure material elongation in components that absorb energy before deforming plastically (think crash barriers and car bumpers).
Elongation and tensile strength testing are methods to measure the ductility of a specimen through the application of tension. It’s a useful way of working out the plasticity of a material and can help you understand the ways it might behave when subjected to pressure.
Elongation is a critical property evaluated in tensile testing to determine the ductility or stretchability of a material, such as copper wire. Copper wire is widely used in electrical and electronic applications, so understanding its elongation characteristics is essential.
The two are used as indicators of ductility, the ability of a material to be elongated in tension. Because the elongation is not uniform over the entire gage length and is greatest at the center of the neck, the percent elongation is not an absolute measure of ductility.
Elongation is defined as the increase in the gage length of a test piece subjected to tensile forces divided by the original gage length. Elongation is expressed as a percentage of the original gage length and is given by: = ∆ ×. Eq. 1. Where: is the original gage length. ∆ is the change in length of the original gage length.
Elongation, measured in a tensile test, is defined as the increase in length as compared with an initial reference length, called the gauge length. However, the elongation result pertains only to the specific shape of the tensile-test sample and the gauge length over which it is measured.