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A developmental venous anomaly (DVA, formerly known as venous angioma) is a congenital variant of the cerebral venous drainage. On imaging it is seen as a number of small deep parenchymal veins converging toward a larger collecting vein.
A port-wine stain (nevus flammeus) is a discoloration of the human skin caused by a vascular anomaly (a capillary malformation in the skin). [1] They are so named for their coloration, which is similar in color to port wine, a fortified red wine from Portugal. A port-wine stain is a capillary malformation, seen at birth. [2]
The pathophysiology of cranial venous outflow obstruction involves the disruption of normal venous drainage from the brain. Cerebral veins play a crucial role in draining brain interstitial fluid (ISF), and their significance has been linked in various neurological conditions. [1] It can be caused by extrinsic or intrinsic anomalies. [7]
It is often underdiagnosed due to variability in disease presentation, but 99% of patients report mucocutaneous symptoms by age 20–29. [2] Despite some considering it a primarily dermatologic condition, Cowden's syndrome is a multi-system disorder that also includes neurodevelopmental disorders such as macrocephaly .
Cavernous hemangioma, also called cavernous angioma, venous malformation, or cavernoma, [1] [2] is a type of venous malformation due to endothelial dysmorphogenesis from a lesion which is present at birth. A cavernoma in the brain is called a cerebral cavernous malformation or CCM.
Venous malformation is a bluish lesion compressible on palpation; the masses enlarge with physical activity or if in a dependent position. The bluish lesion is caused by dilated venous vessels. Venous malformations can be painful in the morning due to stasis and microthrombi within the veins. Venous malformations usually occur in the head and ...
A capillary malformation is also a feature of the disorder macrocephaly-capillary malformation. [7] An example of capillary malformation is cerebral cavernous malformations. This disease is linked to the central nervous system (brain, eye, spinal cord). They are abnormal clusters of closely packed, thin-walled blood vessels that usually form ...
[5] Diagnosis commonly occurs in early adolescence, expressed as symptoms such as deep vein thrombosis occurring spontaneously. [4] The mainstay diagnosis of the presenting DVT symptom is an ultrasound with venous Doppler. [4] Ultrasound with venous Doppler rarely identifies the inferior vena cava anomalies present from birth. [4]