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As water is heated with starch granules, gelatinization occurs, involving an endothermic reaction. [8] The initiation of gelatinization is called the T-onset. T-peak is the position where the endothermic reaction occurs at the maximum. T-conclusion is when all the starch granules are fully gelatinized and the curve remains stable.
As the linking continues, larger branched polymers are obtained and at a certain extent of the reaction, links between the polymer result in the formation of a single macroscopic molecule. At that point in the reaction, which is defined as gel point , the system loses fluidity and viscosity becomes very large.
The crusts of most breads, such as this brioche, are golden-brown mostly as a result of the Maillard reaction. The Maillard reaction ( / m aɪ ˈ j ɑːr / my- YAR ; French: [majaʁ] ) is a chemical reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars to create melanoidins , the compounds that give browned food its distinctive flavor.
Caramelization reactions are also sensitive to the chemical environment, [4] and the reaction rate, or temperature at which reactions occur most readily, can be altered by controlling the level of acidity . The rate of caramelization is generally lowest at near-neutral acidity (pH around 7), and accelerated under both acidic (especially pH ...
Retrogradation is a reaction that takes place when the amylose and amylopectin chains in cooked, gelatinized starch realign themselves as the cooked starch cools. [1]When native starch is heated and dissolved in water, the crystalline structure of amylose and amylopectin molecules is lost and they hydrate to form a viscous solution.
Traditionally, during heat treatment, the temperature is kept moderate so that only the surface layer of the lumps of the moist starch begins to gelatinize, and this process is described as gelatinization. One process of gelatinization is performed by placing the pearls inside shallow pans, which are then placed inside a brick oven.
Schematic representation of the different stages and routes of the sol–gel technology. In this chemical procedure, a "sol" (a colloidal solution) is formed that then gradually evolves towards the formation of a gel-like diphasic system containing both a liquid phase and solid phase whose morphologies range from discrete particles to continuous polymer networks.
In polymer chemistry, the gel point is an abrupt change in the viscosity of a solution containing polymerizable components. At the gel point, a solution undergoes gelation, as reflected in a loss in fluidity.