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Along with the descendants of the other Four Sages (Confucius, Mencius, Zengzi, and Yan Hui), the descendants of Confucius still determine part of their children's given names using this generation poem given to them by the Ming dynasty Jianwen Emperor and extended by later emperors: [45]
The ideals of the book were attributed to Confucius, but the text was written by Zengzi after his death. The "Four Books" were selected by the neo-Confucian Zhu Xi during the Song dynasty as a foundational introduction to Confucianism. Examinations for the state civil service in China came to follow his lead.
The topics covered by the Kongzi Jiayu include Confucius' detailed ancestry, his parents, his birth, episodes and events from his life, and his sayings. [7] His disciples also feature prominently, including one section devoted entirely to Yan Hui, Confucius' favourite. [8] In all, 76 disciples are mentioned by name. [2]
The book contains a divination system comparable to Western geomancy or the West African Ifá system. In Western cultures and modern East Asia, it is still widely used for this purpose. Spring and Autumn Annals A historical record of the State of Lu, Confucius's native state, 722–481 BC attributed to Confucius.
Confucius's teachings were later turned into an elaborate set of rules and practices by his numerous disciples and followers, who organized his teachings into the Analects. [57] [58] Confucius's disciples and his only grandson, Zisi, continued his philosophical school after his death. [59]
These writings represent the earliest known interpretations of the Zhouyi, the Bronze Age divination manual underlying the Book of Changes (易經 Yì jīng). By offering philosophical and moral insights, the Ten Wings transformed the text from a practical guide for divination into a profound treatise on metaphysics, ethics, and cosmology. [1]
The book is based on the ancient teaching of the Chinese philosopher Confucius that emphasises the basic requisites for being a good person and guidelines for living in harmony with others. [1] Like the San Zi Jing (another classic Chinese children's text), it is written in three-character verses.
As the title suggests, the text elaborates on filial piety, which is a core Confucian value. The text argues that people who love and serve their parents will do the same for their rulers, leading to a harmonious society. For example, [4] 資於事父以事母，而愛同；資於事父以事君，而敬同。